From Wikipedia:
"Offset printing is a commonly used printing technique where the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface. When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on the repulsion of oil and water, the offset technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier on which the image to be printed obtains ink from ink rollers, while the non-printing area attracts a water-based film (called "fountain solution"), keeping the non-printing areas ink-free."
Some of the advantages of litho printing are:
Consistent high quality images, quick and easy production of the printing plates, plates last longer than direct litho printing and the cost of mass print production is very low as the main costs go into plate production and set up.
This image shows how an offset litho press works, where there is a rubber roller between the plate roller, and the paper which transfers the image.
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